Sport Sciences Research Institute of IranJournal of Exercise and Health Science2783-16471420210901The Role of Exercise and Physical Activity in Protecting Against the Inflammatory Responses Triggered by COVID-19: An Integrative Review of the Current Literature118296310.22089/jehs.2022.11437.1035ENAlirezaPaahooScientific Association of Physical Education Teachers, Department of Education, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0003-1526-3658AliBahraminiaResearch department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials. Materials and Energy Research Center. Meshkin Dasht, Karaj, Iran.0000-0003-0714-3509Journal Article20210922Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The disease is still out of control despite unprecedented social distancing and other constraints. Mortality, mutations, economic and health effects are increasing worldwide. This novel virus is caused by over-release and uncontrolled and impaired regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines that leads to cytokine storm. Cytokine storm is considered to be one of the major causes of severe acute respiratory syndrome and multiple organ failure that plays an important role in the worsening process of COVID-19. Several studies have shown the effect of physical activity and exercise as an efficient therapy for the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases. The sub-mechanisms between regular physical activity and exercise, and health are numerous. Physical activity and exercise influence on the immune system and its antiviral defenses. The adaptations caused by regular exercise increase the effectiveness of the immune system, which actual levels can affect the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Also, Exercise may provide protection against COVID-19 by increasing performance of some physiological systems, so that endurance training causes numerous biochemical changes in the diaphragm muscle, resulting in the production of a phenotype that is protected against several challenges, including long mechanical ventilation. Therefore, people who exercise continuously and regularly may develop higher antibody titers to the SARS-CoV-2 strain found in the vaccine compared to those who do not exercise. This insight can help to properly design physical activity and exercise programs as a preventative and/or therapeutic approach against the COVID-19 pandemic.https://jehs.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2963_4212c5650b2918edac93c8d4bed90c02.pdfSport Sciences Research Institute of IranJournal of Exercise and Health Science2783-16471420210901A Correlation Study between Body Mass Index and Force-Time Curve Variables in Jumping and Landing of Junior Volleyball Players1934296710.22089/jehs.2022.11906.1040ENAliFatahiDepartment of sports Biomechanics, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.RaziehYousefian MollaDepartment of Sports Biomechanics, Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, IranMortezaMansouriDepartment of Sports Biomechanics, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20211208The study of force-time curve variables in different stages of jumping, considering the demographic characteristics, represent an outstanding indicator for an exclusive and comprehensive study of vertical jumping performance among elite youth volleyball players. So the aim of present study was to determine the correlation between BMI and force-time curve variables in jumping and landing of junior volleyball players. Twenty one junior male volleyball players were asked to perform maximal jump. The height and body mass of each players were considered as the body mass index. Also Force-Time Curve Variables of Jumping and landing were calculated directly form the force plate output. Pearson’s moment Coefficient was employed to investigate the correlation between Body mass index with force – Time variables during jumping and landing (p<0.05). The results showed there were significant correlations between BMI with Power Peak Concentric, Average Power Concentric, Maximum Landing Force, and Time to Peak Landing Force. Because BMI have the effects of mentioned variables, coaches and athletes can focus on them to control athletes' jump and landing performance.https://jehs.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2967_f2879a6fe061b9a09294d11fb5d9ea7a.pdfSport Sciences Research Institute of IranJournal of Exercise and Health Science2783-16471420210901Investigating the relationship between perfectionism and aggression in football coaches3548296410.22089/jehs.2022.11978.1042ENBahadorAziziDepartment of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-2448-3097RezaAminzadehDepartment of Sports Sciences, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-9720-6309AhmadMahmoudiFaculty of Sports Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7579-2274NafiseMobarakiMSc. In Sport Management, Department of Sports Sciences, Imam Reza International University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20211220The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and aggression in football coaches in Iran. The statistical population of this quantitative and descriptive study included all coaches and assistant coaches of the premier and the first division's leagues of Iran (N=170). Therefore, all these coaches were selected as a statistical sample (N=n). Two standard questionnaires including vandalistic behaviors in football (Gholinejad et al., 2017) and perfectionism questionnaire (Hewitt and Flett, 1991) were used for data collection, and correlative-descriptive statistical methods were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between perfectionism, self-oriented, other-oriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism with the aggression of coaches (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient (0.59) and the coefficient of explanation (0.42) between the scores of the components of perfectionism and aggression show that 42% of the changes in aggression of coaches are related to the components of perfectionism. Finally, the results showed that the structural equation model of the research has a significant fit. As a result, it can be argued that perfectionist football coaches who have a high level of perfectionism may create certain expectations in them and, if they do not achieve the desired results, resort to aggression and violence.https://jehs.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2964_894eb8d75e42770d1d041cc9d0fd3ef4.pdfSport Sciences Research Institute of IranJournal of Exercise and Health Science2783-16471420210901The investigation of compressive force in the new designed Beta volleyball to prevent sport injuries5364295610.22089/jehs.2022.11085.1032ENMohsenBarghamadi1- Dept. of Sport Biomechanics and Management, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.0000-0002-1794-9410AbbasMeamarbashi1- Dept. of Sport Biomechanics and Management, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.EhsanFakhri1- Dept. of Sport Biomechanics and Management, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.SafaMehdizade4- Dept. of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University of Ardabil, Ardabil, IranJournal Article20210802The investigation of compressive force in the new designed Beta volleyball to prevent sport injuries<br /><br />Background: One of the main causes of sports injuries is related to sports equipment and the type of ball. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigation of the compressive force of the new designed Beta volleyball to prevent upper limb injuries among volleyball players. <br /><br />Methods: The present study is an applied and laboratory study. For investigation of the compressive force of the new designed Beta volleyball and compare to Mikasa, fox and old Beta volleyballs, Bertek force plate were used. <br /><br />Conclusion: Results obtained there were significant difference between the softness of the new designed Beta volleyball compared to fox and old Beta volleyballs in peak compressive force (P=≥0.001). But there was no significant difference between the newly designed ball and the standard Mikasa ball (P=0.72).<br /><br />Keywords: new designed volleyball, sports injuries, compressive forcehttps://jehs.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2956_4b28f95a7cb19a725e1a48992c454714.pdfSport Sciences Research Institute of IranJournal of Exercise and Health Science2783-16471420210901Acute Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Plasma Fibrinogen Levels of Young Soccer Players Following an Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise6576329610.22089/jehs.2022.10201.1025ENSeyed MohsenAvandiAssistant Professor of Exercise physiology, Sport Science Department, Human Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran0000-0002-5627-0435Ali RezaBadakhshanM.Sc of Exercise physiology, Sport Science Department, Human Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, IranJournal Article20210227<strong>Introduction</strong>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of probiotic supplementation on plasma fibrinogen levels of young soccer players following an aerobic and anaerobic exercise.<br /><strong>Method</strong>: Twenty-eight soccer players (Mean of age 20.68±2.10 yrs., Height 1.73 ± 0.14 m, Weight 64.49±7.39 kg and Vo2<sub>max </sub>59.78±5.30 ml/kg/min) were selected and randomly assigned into aerobic (n=14) and anaerobic (n=14) groups. Huff and RAST tests were used for aerobic and anaerobic training protocols, respectively. Probiotic (9<sup>10</sup> units/g) and placebo capsules were used as double-blind method and counterbalance style in two stages (48 hours after the initial blood sampling and two weeks after the initial tests). Blood samples were taken in three stages before the supplementation, immediately after the tests, and in the last stage after two weeks immediately after the Huff & RAST tests. Data were analyzed by two-way mixed design or repeated measure for in-group and inter-group analysis at a significance level of P <0.05.<br /><strong>Result</strong>: Data analysis showed that aerobic and anaerobic exercise combined with probiotic supplementation had a non-significant effects on fibrinogen reduction in aerobic test (p ≥0.296) and in anaerobic test (p ≥0.879).<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that probiotic supplementation causes non-significant reduction of fibrinogen in response to an aerobic and anaerobic exercise session in soccer players. Besides, it is not likely to contribute to the rheology of blood and the reduction of blood clots in soccer players.https://jehs.ssrc.ac.ir/article_3296_28ca1f896da40a06183647ffbb8ca978.pdfSport Sciences Research Institute of IranJournal of Exercise and Health Science2783-16471420210901Response of Plasma Volume and Albumin to a Session of Intense Endurance Activity in Three Body Compositions of Young Non-Athlete Men7788329710.22089/jehs.2022.11380.1034ENRezaDelavarDepartment of Sport Sciences, Faculty of
Education and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.0000 0002 8965 3184MajidVahidian RezazadehDepartment of Sport Sciences, Faculty of
Education and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.0000-0001-7280-4188AbdolnaserZaheri MohadesDepartment of Sport Sciences, Faculty of
Education and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.Journal Article20210917<strong>Aims:</strong> Plasma displacement from vascular space to cellular and interstitial space following an exercise involvement will influence the evaluation of its components in sport physiology studies. Therefore, this study has been aimed to testify the effects of a session of intense endurance activity on plasma volume and Albumin protein with three distinct body compositions.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> The study has been based on a semi-experimental method in three separate groups of thin (n=12), normal (n= 10), and fat (n=12) participants. Selected studied population was young non-athlete men (20 to 25 years). The participants ran a 60 meter distance (two 5 meter paths, two 10 meter paths and two 15 meter paths) for 30 seconds in 6 non-stop rounds. This process continued after 30 second resting until exhaustion for up to 43 rounds. Blood samples were collected once before starting the test and then after finishing the test process. The samples were collected in EDTA tubes to avoid coagulation and immediately after transferring to laboratory, the plasma was centrifuged. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene's statistical test, and covariance analysis using SPSS 20 software in the significance level of p≤0/05 were applied.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong> The results revealed that a session of intense endurance activity makes significant reduction of plasma volume and Albumin protein in all tested groups which was more evident in fat body composition.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Regarding the results, when plasma components are evaluated after an exercise involvement, plasma volume changes should be considered especially in the studies focusing on exercise physiology.https://jehs.ssrc.ac.ir/article_3297_961898677fb752c09e2b0abcc21a8b5c.pdf